AWS-Solution-Architect-Associate Guide

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Q71. Can a 'user' be associated with multiple AWS accounts?

A. No

B. Yes 

Answer: A


Q72. You have been doing a lot of testing of your VPC Network by deliberately failing EC2 instances to test whether instances are failing over properly. Your customer who will be paying the AWS bill for all this asks you if he being charged for all these instances. You try to explain to him how the billing works on EC2 instances to the best of your knowledge. What would be an appropriate response to give to the customer

in regards to this?

A. Billing commences when Amazon EC2 AM instance is completely up and billing ends as soon as the instance starts to shutdown.

B. Billing only commences only after 1 hour of uptime and billing ends when the instance terminates.

C. Billing commences when Amazon EC2 initiates the boot sequence of an AM instance and billing ends when the instance shuts down.

D. Billing commences when Amazon EC2 initiates the boot sequence of an AM instance and billing ends as soon as the instance starts to shutdown.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Billing commences when Amazon EC2 initiates the boot sequence of an AM instance. Billing ends when the instance shuts down, which could occur through a web services command, by running "shutdown -h", or through instance failure.

Reference: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#BiIIing


Q73. If I have multiple Read Replicas for my master DB Instance and I promote one of them, what happens to the rest of the Read Replicas?

A. The remaining Read Replicas will still replicate from the older master DB Instance

B. The remaining Read Replicas will be deleted

C. The remaining Read Replicas will be combined to one read replica 

Answer: A


Q74. What is a Security Group?

A. None of these.

B. A list of users that can access Amazon EC2 instances.

C. An Access Control List (ACL) for AWS resources.

D. A firewall for inbound traffic, built-in around every Amazon EC2 instance. 

Answer: D


Q75. A user needs to run a batch process which runs for 10 minutes. This will only be run once, or at maximum twice, in the next month, so the processes will be temporary only. The process needs 15 X-Large instances. The process downloads the code from S3 on each instance when it is launched, and then generates a temporary log file. Once the instance is terminated, all the data will be lost. Which of the below mentioned pricing models should the user choose in this case?

A. Spot instance.

B. Reserved instance.

C. On-demand instance.

D. EBS optimized instance. 

Answer: A

Explanation:

In Amazon Web Services, the spot instance is useful when the user wants to run a process temporarily. The spot instance can terminate the instance if the other user outbids the existing bid. In this case all storage is temporary and the data is not required to be persistent. Thus, the spot instance is a good option to save money.

Reference: http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/purchasing-options/spot-instances/


Q76. When should I choose Provisioned IOPS over Standard RDS storage?

A. If you have batch-oriented workloads

B. If you use production online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads.

C. If you have workloads that are not sensitive to consistent performance 

Answer: A


Q77. A newspaper organization has a on-premises application which allows the public to search its back catalogue and retrieve indMdual newspaper pages via a website written in Java They have scanned the old newspapers into JPEGs (approx 17TB) and used Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to populate a commercial search product. The hosting platform and software are now end of life and the organization wants to migrate Its archive to AW5 and produce a cost efficient architecture and still be designed for availability and durability. Which is the most appropriate?

A. Use 53 with reduced redundancy Io store and serve the scanned files, install the commercial search application on EC2 Instances and configure with auto-scaling and an Elastic Load Balancer.

B. Model the environment using CIoudFormation use an EC2 instance running Apache webserver and an open source search application, stripe multiple standard EB5 volumes together to store the JPEGs and search index.

C. Use 53 with standard redundancy to store and serve the scanned files, use CIoud5earch for query

processing, and use Elastic Beanstalk to host the website across multiple availability zones.

D. Use a single-AZ RD5 My5QL instance Io store the search index 33d the JPEG images use an EC2 instance to serve the website and translate user queries into 5QL.

E. Use a CIoudFront download distribution to serve the JPEGs to the end users and Install the current commercial search product, along with a Java Container Tor the website on EC2 instances and use Route53 with DNS round-robin.

Answer:

Explanation:

There is no such thing as "NIost appropriate" without knowing all your goals. I find your scenarios very fuzzy, since you can obviously mix-n-match between them. I think you should decide by layers instead: Load Balancer Layer: ELB or just DNS, or roll-your-own. (Using DNS+EIPs is slightly cheaper, but less reliable than ELB.)

Storage Layer for 17TB of Images: This is the perfect use case for 53. Off-load all the web requests directly to the relevant JPEGs in 53. Your EC2 boxes just generate links to them.

If your app already serves it's own images (not links to images), you might start with EFS. But more than likely, you can just setup a web server to re-write or re-direct all JPEG links to 53 pretty easily.

If you use 53, don't serve directly from the bucket- Serve via a CNAME in domain you control. That way, you can switch in C|oudFront easily.

EBS will be way more expensive, and you'II need 2x the drives if you need 2 boxes. Yuck. Consider a smaller storage format. For example, JPEG200 or WebP or other tools might make for smaller images. There is also the DejaVu format from a while back.

Cache Layer: Adding Cloud Front in front of 53 will help people on the other side of the world-- well, possibly. Typical archives follow a power law. The long tail of requests means that most JPEGs won't be requested enough to be in the cache. So you are only speeding up the most popular objects. You can always wait, and switch in CF later after you know your costs better. (In some cases, it can actually lower costs.)

You can also put CIoudFront in front of your app, since your archive search results should be fairly static. This will also allow you to run with a smaller instance type, since CF will handle much of the load if you do it right.

Database Layer: A few options:

Use whatever your current server does for now, and replace with something else down the road. Don't under-estimate this approach, sometimes it's better to start now and optimize later.

Use RDS to run MySQL/ Postgres

I'm not as familiar with EIasticSearch I Cloudsearch, but obviously Cloudsearch will be less maintenance+setup.

App Layer:

When creating the app layer from scratch, consider Cloud Formation and/or OpsWorks. It's extra stuff to learn, but helps down the road.

Java+ Tomcat is right up the alley of E|asticBeanstaIk. (Basically EC2 + Autoscale + ELB).

Preventing Abuse: When you put something in a public 53 bucket, people will hot-link it from their web pages. If you want to prevent that, your app on the EC2 box can generate signed links to 53 that expire in a few hours. Now everyone will be forced to go thru the app, and the app can apply rate limiting, etc. Saving money: If you don't mind having downtime:

run everything in one AZ (both DBs and EC2s). You can always add servers and AZs down the road, as long as it's architected to be stateless. In fact, you should use multiple regions if you want it to be really robust.

use Reduced Redundancy in 53 to save a few hundred bucks per month (Someone will have to "go fix it" every time it breaks, including having an off-line copy to repair 53.)

Buy Reserved Instances on your EC2 boxes to make them cheaper. (Start with the RI market and buy a partially used one to get started.) It's just a coupon saying "if you run this type of box in this AZ, you will save on the per-hour costs." You can get 1/2 to 1/3 off easily.

Rewrite the application to use less memory and CPU -that way you can run on fewer/ smaller boxes. (Nlay or may not be worth the investment.)

If your app will be used very infrequently, you will save a lot of money by using Lambda. I'd be worried that it would be quite slow if you tried to run a Java application on it though ..

We're missing some information like load, latency expectations from search, indexing speed, size of the search index, etc. But with what you've given us, I would go with 53 as the storage for the files (53 rocks. It is really, really awesome). If you're stuck with the commercial search application, then on EC2 instances with autoscaling and an ELB. If you are allowed an alternative search engine, Elasticsearch is probably  your best bet. I'd run it on EC2 instead ofthe AWS Elasticsearch service, as IMHO it's not ready yet. Don't autoscale Elasticsearch automatically though, it'II cause all sorts of issues. I have zero experience with CIoudSearch so I can't comment on that. Regardless of which option, I'd use Cloud Formation for all of it.


Q78. What would be the best way to retrieve the public IP address of your EC2 instance using the CLI?

A. Using tags

B. Using traceroute

C. Using ipconfig

D. Using instance metadata 

Answer: D

Explanation:

To determine your instance's public IP address from within the instance, you can use instance metadata. Use the following command to access the public IP address: For Linux use, $ curl

http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4, and for Windows use, $ wget http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4.

Reference:  http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using-instance-addressing.htm|


Q79. If I want to run a database in an Amazon instance, which is the most recommended Amazon storage opHon?

A. Amazon Instance Storage

B. Amazon EBS

C. You can't run a database inside an Amazon instance.

D. Amazon 53 

Answer: B


Q80. What does Amazon Elastic Beanstalk provide?

A. A scalable storage appliance on top of Amazon Web Services.

B. An application container on top of Amazon Web Services.

C. A service by this name doesn't exist.

D. A scalable cluster of EC2 instances. 

Answer: B


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